Teori Humanistik dalam Pendidikan: Tokoh, Ragam Teori, dan Pendekatan Belajar yang Berpusat pada Manusia

Humanistic Theory in Education: Figures, Types of Theory, and Human-Centered Learning Approaches

Abstract

Humanistic theory in education emerged as a response to learning models that tended to ignore the psychological and emotional dimensions of learners. This theory emphasizes the importance of fulfilling human needs, individual growth, and self-actualization as the core of the educational process. The purpose of this study is to identify the basic concepts of humanistic theory, describe the contributions of its main figures such as Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, and Arthur Combs, and analyze the application of the humanistic approach in learning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study type through primary and secondary sources in the form of books and scientific journals. The data were analyzed through content analysis by categorizing themes and synthesizing relevant concepts. The results of the study indicate that humanistic education positions students as whole individuals, emphasizes personal experience and motivation, and places teachers as facilitators. Humanistic theory offers an alternative learning paradigm that is capable of developing individuals who are independent, self-aware, and responsible.