Dinamika Teori Belajar: Analisis Komparatif Madzhab Behavioristik, Kognitivistik, Konstruktivistik, Humanistik, dan Generatif

The Dynamics of Learning Theory: A Comparative Analysis of Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, Humanism, and Generativism

Abstract

Understanding learning theories is an important foundation in designing effective learning that is aligned with students’ needs. The variety of approaches that have developed requires educators to understand the characteristics and contributions of each theory within the learning process. This study aims to describe and analyze five major schools of learning theories, namely behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, humanism, and generative theory. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review of relevant scholarly sources, which were then analyzed comparatively to identify similarities, differences, strengths, and limitations in the context of learning. The results indicate that each theory has its own distinctive focus: behaviorism emphasizes behavioral change, cognitivism focuses on mental processes, constructivism highlights learners’ active role in building knowledge, humanism emphasizes affective aspects and self-actualization, while generative theory focuses on the integration of knowledge and creativity. In conclusion, contextual integration of theories is recommended to optimize learning outcomes.