Disleksia sebagai Gangguan Bahasa: Pemahaman, Teori, dan Penanganan dalam Konteks Pendidikan

Dyslexia as a Language Disorder: Understanding, Theory, and Treatment in the Context of Education

Abstract

Dyslexia is a specific language disorder that significantly affects students’ ability to read and comprehend written text. This article aims to describe the definition of dyslexia, its causal factors from both neurological and environmental perspectives, and to review major theoretical explanations of this condition, including the phonological theory and the visual processing theory. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected from relevant scholarly sources such as journal articles, books, and research reports, and then analyzed descriptively by categorizing findings into four main themes: definition of dyslexia, causal factors, theoretical perspectives, and effective instructional strategies. The results indicate the need for comprehensive learning approaches for students with dyslexia, including multisensory techniques, differentiated instruction, and the use of assistive technology. With a more holistic understanding of the characteristics of dyslexia, educators are expected to design learning environments that are more inclusive and responsive to students’ individual needs.