Eksistensi Sifat 'Adālah pada Perokok dalam Kesaksian Islam: Kajian Fikih Mazhab Syafi'i

The Existence of the Trait of ‘Adālah in Smokers within Islamic Testimony: A Study of the Syafi‘i School of Jurisprudence

Abstract

In Islamic law, testimony is a crucial instrument in the process of evidence-gathering aimed at upholding justice and safeguarding individual rights, the validity of which hinges heavily on the fulfillment of the quality of ‘adālah as a reflection of the witness’s moral integrity. In the contemporary social context, the habit of smoking has become a phenomenon that has sparked debate regarding its impact on a person’s moral character and their suitability as a witness. This study aims to analyze the status of the quality of ‘adālah in smokers and its implications for the validity of testimony from the Syafi’i school’s perspective, using a qualitative method based on literature review and descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that in the Syafi’i school, the assessment of ‘adālah is not determined by a single specific act, but rather by the dominance of one’s overall behavior; thus, the habit of smoking does not automatically negate the quality of ‘adālah as long as it is not classified as a major sin and is not committed continuously to the point of resulting in the status of a fasik. However, if smoking is viewed as a form of sin committed consistently, it can undermine a person’s moral integrity and result in the rejection of their testimony; thus, the primary measure of ‘adālah remains the dominant moral quality within an individual.